Question 1

What is the IVF success rate in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

IVF success rates in Belgium vary considerably between clinics, but generally, around one in three women conceive successfully through IVF on their first attempt.

In 2024, success rates for women under 36 undergoing their first IVF/ICSI treatment can range from approximately 10% to 70% per first embryo transfer, depending on the clinic. For women under 35, the live birth rate is around 44.5%, while for those aged 35-37, it’s approximately 32.4%. Success rates decline with age, dropping to around 9.6% for women aged 41-42.

Cumulative success rates improve with multiple cycles; after three IVF cycles, the cumulative success rate can reach 70-90%, influenced by factors like age and medical history. For example, at Brussels IVF, 47% of women under 36 give birth after their first treatment cycle, rising to 74% after a third cycle.

Question 2

Can gay couples do IVF in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Yes, gay couples can pursue IVF in Belgium, with several legal options and pathways available to help them become parents.

Belgium is a leader in medically assisted reproduction, and fertility treatments are generally accessible and well-covered by health insurance, with no exclusion for single individuals or same-sex couples. Lesbian couples have access to legally regulated sperm donation, where a single donor can help a maximum of six families, and egg donation is available for use with surrogacy.

Surrogacy in Belgium exists in a legal gray area, as there is no specific legislation regulating it, meaning there is no legal protection or standardized procedure for those involved, and commercial surrogacy is banned. Despite this, some informal, hospital-led programs for altruistic surrogacy may exist, though access is limited.

Question 3

Are egg donors anonymous in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Traditionally, egg donation in Belgium has been anonymous, with donors and recipients remaining unknown to each other, and fertility centers prohibited from sharing donor identity details.

However, this anonymity is currently changing due to a ruling by the Constitutional Court of Belgium, which found that preventing donor-conceived children from accessing information about their donor is unconstitutional. Lawmakers have until June 30, 2027, to create a new legal framework, and the Federal Health Minister has proposed abolishing compulsory anonymity, allowing children to request donor information from age 12. This change would not apply retroactively to past donors.

The legal situation is evolving, with potential differences in rights depending on the donation date and the increasing use of direct-to-consumer genetic testing further challenging traditional anonymity.

Question 4

Can single women do IVF in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Yes, single women can undergo IVF in Belgium, which is known for its broad access to fertility treatments for single individuals and same-sex couples.

Belgian law legally permits single women to access fertility treatments like IVF, and donor sperm is readily available, with options for both anonymous and known donors, though a donor can contribute to a maximum of six families. Age restrictions apply, with oocyte retrieval possible up to age 46 and embryo transfer up to age 48.

If a single woman is covered by the Belgian social security system and is under 43, she may be eligible for partial reimbursement for up to six cycles of IVF/ICSI; however, public funding generally does not cover the use of donor material, and reimbursement is limited to women under 43.

Question 5

When was the first IVF baby born in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

The first IVF baby in Belgium was born in 1983, coinciding with the official start of operations at the Centre for Reproductive Medicine, now known as Brussels IVF at UZ Brussel.

This center was established through a collaboration between the fertility unit of the gynecology-obstetrics department, under the leadership of Paul Devroey, and the RIA lab of the Clinical Chemistry department, led by André Van Steirteghem, marking a pioneering moment in reproductive medicine within the country.

Later, in 1992, UZ Brussel achieved another milestone by delivering a baby born through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), a technique developed at the center to address male infertility.

Question 6

Can you choose gender with IVF in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

In Belgium, gender selection using IVF is only allowed for medical reasons, not for personal preferences like family balancing.

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) or Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) can be used to select the gender of embryos, but strictly to avoid the transmission of sex-linked genetic diseases; for example, selecting female embryos to prevent X-related abnormalities that primarily affect males, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or selecting male embryos if a condition affects females.

The law in Belgium explicitly prohibits non-medical sex selection, meaning that prospective parents’ desires for a child of a specific gender are not considered a valid reason for gender testing during IVF.

Question 7

Is reciprocal IVF (ROPA) allowed in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Yes, reciprocal IVF (ROPA) is permitted in Belgium, providing lesbian couples with a shared path to conception and pregnancy.

Since 2007, Belgium has allowed both IUI and IVF with donor sperm for lesbian couples and single women, complete with insurance coverage, and this progressive legislation specifically includes ROPA. A significant benefit is that the non-gestational partner is automatically recognized as a legal parent without needing additional legal steps like adoption, making Belgium an attractive option for those seeking fertility treatments.

Belgian law ensures both partners in a same-sex female couple are legally recognized as parents from birth if they are married or in a registered partnership, a right not universally granted in other EU countries, and clinics like Brussels IVF at UZ Brussel are known for being welcoming to LGBTQ+ individuals and expats.

Question 8

What is the age limit for IVF in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

In Belgium, the legal age limit for egg retrieval is the day before a woman’s 45th birthday, and the upper age limit for embryo transfer is the day before her 48th birthday, after which treatment is no longer eligible.

These age limits apply to both treatments using a woman’s own eggs and those involving donor eggs, although some sources suggest a possible limit of before the 42nd birthday for requesting oocyte retrieval with donor sperm. Public funding for IVF/ICSI and related procedures is generally available for women under 43, with a potential extension to 47 under certain conditions, particularly when using previously frozen eggs.

It’s important to note that while the legal maximum age for embryo transfer is almost 48, individual clinics may have stricter policies based on treatment success rates, which decline with age; for example, Brussels IVF reports a 10% birth rate after the first cycle for women aged 40-42, and some clinics may set earlier age limits for specific procedures like oocyte aspiration or insemination with donor sperm.

Question 9

How does IVF work in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

In Belgium, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a well-established and accessible process, with the country having been a pioneer in the field since 1983, and treatments are relatively accessible due to coverage by the basic health insurance system.

A typical IVF cycle begins with hormonal medication to stimulate the ovaries to develop multiple eggs, and patients are usually taught to self-administer these medications with support from nurses or general practitioners, while regular monitoring occurs through ultrasound and hormonal assessments. Once the eggs are mature, they are retrieved through a minor procedure using a fine needle under local or general anesthesia, and then fertilized in a laboratory either through conventional IVF, placing eggs with sperm in a dish, or ICSI, where a single sperm is injected directly into each egg.

Following fertilization, the developing embryos are cultured in an incubator for three to five days before being transferred back into the uterus, with the number of embryos selected for transfer determined by medical professionals.

Question 10

Is embryo donation legal in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Embryo donation is legally permitted in Belgium, although it is not currently a widely available practice.

The legal framework for embryo donation, along with other forms of medically assisted reproduction, was established in 2007. While legally allowed, a recent survey showed that only three out of eighteen fertility centers in Belgium currently offer embryo donation to third parties, with many having stopped due to administrative challenges and embryo eligibility issues.

Belgian law regarding anonymity is evolving; a Constitutional Court ruling in September 2024 deemed the previous anonymity rules unconstitutional, and a new law expected in 2027 will allow donors to choose between anonymity and open identity, with options for ID-release and known donation currently available.

Question 11

Can lesbians do IVF in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Yes, lesbian couples in Belgium have comprehensive access to IVF and donor sperm, with strong legal protections and established pathways to parenthood.

Belgium is recognized for its progressive stance on LGBTQ+ rights, and was one of the first countries to legalize same-sex marriage, which facilitates legal recognition of parenthood. Donor sperm is readily available, and lesbian couples can access various IVF options including IVF with donor sperm and reciprocal IVF, where one partner provides the eggs and the other carries the pregnancy.

The law allows for the legal recognition of both partners, even before the child’s birth in some cases, with automatic recognition for married couples and a process for unmarried couples. Donors undergo thorough medical and psychological screening, and while anonymous donation is standard, known donation is also permitted under certain conditions.

Question 12

Is surrogacy legal in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Surrogacy in Belgium exists in a legal grey area, as it is not explicitly illegal but also lacks specific legal regulation.

While not prohibited, surrogacy contracts are not legally binding, offering no legal protection for intended parents, surrogates, or the resulting child. Only altruistic surrogacy, where the surrogate is only reimbursed for pregnancy-related expenses, is permitted; commercial surrogacy is banned. Belgian law automatically recognizes the birth mother as the legal mother, requiring intended parents to pursue a court-supervised adoption to establish legal parentage, contingent on the surrogate mother voluntarily relinquishing her rights.

Although there are no specific penalties for engaging in surrogacy, the recruitment of surrogate mothers for financial compensation is prohibited. Fertility centers often implement their own policies, such as age limits for surrogates (typically under 40 with a prior healthy birth) and intended mothers (maximum 45 for oocyte retrieval and implantation, 47 for embryo implantation and insemination), and surrogates (maximum 47 at embryo transfer).

Question 13

How much does IVF cost in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

IVF costs in Belgium typically range from approximately €2,000 to €7,650 for a basic cycle using one’s own eggs, while IVF with egg donation can range from €4,500 to €15,000 or more.

Prices can vary significantly between clinics and depend on individual treatment needs, with some clinics offering basic cycles around €500, though this usually covers only a component of the full cost. Medication can add approximately €1,500 to the overall expense for standard IVF, and egg donation treatments may have medication costs included in packages.

Specific programs guaranteeing one blastocyst with egg donation range from €4,750 to €7,750, and some clinics offer egg donation cycles between €4,300 and €6,000, with additional laboratory costs. A complete IVF package with egg donation at one clinic is noted to be between €9,500 and €13,300.

Question 14

Is egg donation legal in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Egg donation is legal in Belgium and is conducted within a legal framework that prioritizes altruism and restricts the commercial aspects of gamete donation.

The law in Belgium permits both anonymous and known egg donations, each subject to specific regulations. A national database for donors and recipients was established in 2024, fulfilling a requirement from a 2007 law, to maintain a record of donation details. The trafficking of gametes is prohibited, and donations cannot be used for eugenic or sex selection purposes. Donors undergo thorough screening, including tests for infectious diseases and hereditary conditions, as well as medical and psychological evaluations, and must be motivated by altruistic reasons.

Age limits apply to both anonymous and known donors; generally, anonymous donors should be between 18 and 35 years old, while directed donors can be up to 38 years old if they already have a child, with potential exceptions possible in known donation scenarios. Women seeking egg donation are typically accepted up to age 45, with procedures potentially performed until age 47, though those aged 40 or older, or without Belgian health insurance, may face limitations in accessing waiting lists.

Question 15

Is sperm donation legal in Belgium?

Accepted Answer

Sperm donation is legal in Belgium, and the process is governed by regulations designed to ensure both safety and ethical practice.

Belgium’s Law on Medically Assisted Reproduction, enacted in 2007, permits the free donation of gametes while prohibiting any commercial trade of human body material. As of January 1, 2024, a national database registers both donors and recipients, limiting each donor to assisting a maximum of six different families. Historically, sperm donation has been anonymous, but a ruling on September 26, 2024, by Belgium's Constitutional Court deemed provisions preventing donor-conceived individuals from accessing donor information unconstitutional.

Donors must be healthy men between 18 and 45 years old and undergo a comprehensive selection process including medical history reviews, health checks, genetic screening, tests for transmissible diseases and hereditary conditions, and psychological consultations. Sperm quality is also rigorously assessed, and donation is free, meaning donors do not receive payment.

Recipient age	Country	EU median
<34 years	39.0%	45.7%
35–39 years	30.4%	45.5%
40+ years	28.9%	41.7%

Age group	Country	EU median
<34 years	35.1%	38.8%
35–39 years	30.7%	32.8%
40+ years	20.3%	27.9%

Age group	Country	EU median
<34 years	23.7%	25.6%
35–39 years	20.2%	20.2%
40+ years	11.9%	10.1%

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IVF age limits and treatment requirements in Belgium

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